Advancing the practice of AOP design

Aquatic Organism Passage (AOP) is a modern approach to the nexus of our highways and the aquatic environment along stream corridors. AOP water crossing structures provide for safe and resilient roadway corridors for the traveling public while also providing the needed nature-like riverine conditions for the passage of native fish and other aquatic life species. Today, we are emphasizing the use of AOP structures from coast to coast as a key tool in the restoration of habitat for threatened native fish populations.

Our current practices in AOP design are continually evolving as new lessons are learned throughout the U.S. during the construction and long-term performance of AOP water crossing structures. The Aquatic Organism Passage Monitoring & Assessment Protocol (aopMAP) was born out of the need to document and openly share practices in AOP design that are working for the benefit of future designs. We developed aopMAP as a robust monitoring tool to collect and catalogue data from all types of AOP structures, in all geographic settings, and from any infrastructure owner.

aopMAP

aopMAP provides tools to owners for use in grant applications, performing their own required monitoring activities, developing new designs, education of staff into AOP practices, and/or for the development of the next generation of design guidance.

aopMAP provides a field ready suite of tools, built within ESRI Survey 123, with Nationwide applicability for AOP water crossing data collection and cataloguing. Our tools and cloud database provide consistency and ease of use in monitoring data collection. Our online repository of AOP water crossing data provides a robust dataset on actual constructed site performance for future research into best practices and new AOP design tools and methods.

Advancing the Practice

aopMAP's online database documents design practices and features, sharing them with a broad audience.

Importance of a Good Baseline

As-built data sets our baseline understanding of what was actually built during construction. aopMAP provides tools to document this baseline and inform our understanding on how a site evolves post-construction.

Lessons Learned

aopMAP's online database allows us to take lessons learned from post-construction monitoring and document them for improved best practices in future AOP projects.

aopMAP field ready tools

aopMAP offers a field ready suite of tools inside ESRI Survey 123 that can be immediately deployed to manage an AOP water crossing monitoring program.

Cloud Database

aopMAP has been developed to upload and host monitoring data on our cloud database without the need for agencies to invest in their own custom tools.

Flexibility

aopMAP's development within the ESRI Survey 123 system allows our forms to be customized and imported to agency asset management systems, if desired.

aopMAP Field Monitoring Tool

aopMAP has been field tested by an interdisciplinary team of engineers, hydrologists, geomorphologists, and fish biologists to provide for flexible collection of features that capture the important details of all types of channels and all types of AOP water crossing structures. The aopMAP team worked with an external panel of subject matter experts from resource agencies, transportation agencies, and academia to define five key themes believe to drive success in AOP passage structures. The aopMAP Field Monitoring Tool is structured around these key themes with data collection fields targeted at each.

Key Themes that Drive Fish Passage Success

Click on the numbered tabs below to learn about the five key themes.

Circular graphic that depicts the five key themes that drive successful fish passage.  Each theme further described below on this web page.

Channel Bed/Bed Structure Durability

The ability of the constructed channel bed to maintain the intended shape and function that is optimized for aquatic life passage. Is the constructed channel bed evolving in a manner that creates bed features that may not be ideal for passage of aquatic life?

Example of an AOP culvert with metal baffle plates extending into the channel, showing scouring and instability of the channel bed material along the tips of the baffles.

Flow Condition/Continuity

A measure of how well the flow conditions within the AOP replicate flow conditions in the natural channel, under a variety of conditions. Are we providing flow conditions that aquatic life is naturally adapted to?

The left picture of these two photos shows the interior of an AOP culvert with two deep water pool areas connected by a shallow flowing area. The right picture shows a natural channel area depicting deep water pools connected by shallow flowing areas. Arrows are drawn connecting the deep water pool areas and shallow flowing areas between the two photos.

Flow Diversity

A measure of how the diversity of flow conditions within an AOP relative to natural flow diversity in the channel. Are we providing an appropriate variety of flow conditions for aquatic life that supports both the strong and the weak swimmers that may live in a system?

Water flowing over a rock structure inside an AOP culvert and into a deep water pool. The water flowing over the rock structure has a variety of flow paths with different flow depths. Some flow paths are highlighted.

Refuge Opportunity

Refuge opportunity is necessary to provide rest areas for weak swimming fish that cannot traverse the entire AOP without being washed back downstream. Refuge opportunity is not habitat, just areas to take a break.

Several large boulders and a pool area inside an AOP culvert. The pool area is highlighted as an example of a refuge resting area for fish passing through the culvert. Fast moving shallow flow areas are also highlighted to show the contrasting faster flow areas.

Sediment Transport Stability

The ability of the AOP and constructed channel to move naturally supplied sediments into and through the AOP structure. Is sediment deposition occurring in ways that may hamper aquatic life passage or channel stability?

The left picture of these two photos shows a natural channel with a steep slope and an AOP culvert in the background. The natural channel is characterized by large boulders, boulder steps, and pools. The natural channel is not observed to have any notable depositional features. The right picture shows the interior of an AOP culvert with two large notable depositional features.

The aopMAP Field Monitoring process was developed as a 3 step process to allow for rapid collection of the desired monitoring data at any AOP water crossing:

  1. Cruised walking assessment - performed from upstream to downstream, where the field team will form initial opinions on the condition of the channel and the types of features that are important to collect data on.
  2. Geomorphic data collection - performed from downstream to upstream, where the field team collects data on channel dimensions, important channel features, and AOP structure internal features.
  3. Visual assessment - performed at the end of the data collection, the visual assessment provides an opportunity for the inspection team to add qualitative nuance on the observed characteristics of the system.

The aopMAP Field Monitoring Tool includes functionality to collect numerous photos for each feature of interest and GPS location tagging for the site and certain channel features. The photo and GPS tools provide valuable context for future comparative survey efforts by providing visual and location based data for context from prior surveys.

Additional details on the data collection fields, functionality and procedures are found in the aopMAP training videos and the aopMAP Field Manual.

aopMAP As-Built Database Tool

aopMAP includes an As-Built Database Tool for use in recording important details on AOP water crossings. The As-Built Database Tool is a companion to the Field Monitoring Tool that allows for cross-referencing of the constructed and / or designed features of any AOP water crossing, all self-contained within the aopMAP databases. The As-Built Database Tool is useful to field inspection teams by proving accessible data on initial site conditions that can inform judgement on how systems are evolving. The tool also provides valuable data for future research by cataloguing initial AOP conditions for use in comparative analyses.

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